Current issues of sustainable development of mountainous regions of Georgia

Abstract

The article discusses the specific problems and current issues of sustainable development of the mountaino- us regions of Georgia. Additional stimulation of the sustainable development of the mountainous regions of Georgia is possible in several ways, which require the study of European experience and appropriate legal provisi- on. The Alpine and Carpathian Convention is effective in the mountainous regions of Europe, which has become an essential source of sustainable development of these mountainous regions, preservation of cultural identity, international cooperation, stimulation of economic activity, promotion of education and science, acquisition and generalization of knowledge. Almost all mountainous states of the world are interested in the development experience of the Alps and the Carpathians, which has already been reflected in the legislation of many of them (Australia, Canada, Chile, etc.).

In mountainous regions, priority should be given to the development of small and medium, as well as renewable energy and state incentives. The European experience of implementing similar projects, especially in the countries of the Alpine region, shows that the local population meets their implementation with understanding and, in many cases, great enthusiasm.

The development of water processing and bottling production will be particularly effective for employment in mountainous regions. The creation of „forest factories“ and nurseries can also become a source of income for the local population. Such an approach will also increase the number of employees, the export of forest vegetation and promote the growth of sustainable use of timber resources.

As a result of legislative changes, it should be possible to extract river sludge and transfer it to the mountain population free of charge from different reservoirs. Such an approach is a prerequisite for achieving several effects: it will contribute to the restoration of the fertility of mountain soils, the development of agriculture, the increase of incomes of the population and the renewal of the energy efficiency of water reservoirs.

The goal of the cultural and spatial planning policy of the state in the historical-geographical provinces within the mountainous regions of Georgia should be the creation (establishment) of cultural landscapes, the protection and harmonious development of cultural landscapes, the preservation of cultural identity, cultural heritage and traditions. At the initial stage, it is intended to establish the cultural landscape of Pirikita Khevsureti within the framework of the multi-use area of Pirikita Khevsureti, the area of which is 2503 hectares.

In the future, based on the gained experience and legislative provision, a similar status can be extended to other regions of Georgia (Svaneti – Mulakhi community, Meskheti – Vardzia, Kakheti – Davitgareji monastery complex, Khevi – Truso valley, etc.).